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Table 2 Cox analysis of risk of pregnancy loss throughout pregnancy in ART clinical pregnancies

From: Influencing factors of pregnancy loss and survival probability of clinical pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology

Variables

No. of PL/total

(685/ 5485)

PL rate

HR (95% CI)a

P a

Maternal age

  < 30

292/2556

11.4%

1.00[Reference]

 

 30–35

283/2361

12.0%

1.06(0.90–1.25)

0.508

 36–40

84/472

17.8%

1.63(1.28–2.08)

<0.001 *

  > 40

20/53

37.7%

4.14(2.63–6.52)

<0.001 *

 Ptrend

  

1.31(1.17–1.45)

<0.001 *

Maternal BMI

  < 18.5

50/509

9.8%

0.85(0.63–1.13)

0.260

 18.5–25

487/4009

12.1%

1.00[Reference]

 

 25–28

97/641

15.1%

1.24(1.00–1.55)

0.051

  ≥ 28

42/235

17.9%

1.52(1.11–2.10)

0.010 *

Paternal BMI

  < 18.5

9/103

8.7%

0.67(0.33–1.35)

0.264

 18.5–25

405/3309

12.2%

1.00[Reference]

 

 25–28

189/1344

14.1%

1.15(0.96–1.37)

0.120

  ≥ 28

69/603

12.3%

0.95(0.74–1.23)

0.691

Infertility type

 Primary

337/2781

12.1%

1.00[Reference]

 

 Secondary

319/2466

12.9%

0.99(0.85–1.16)

0.908

COH protocold

 GnRH-a long protocol

391/3406

11.5%

1.00[Reference]

 

 GnRH-a short protocol

186/1573

11.8%

0.93(0.77–1.11)

0.373

 GnRH antagonist protocol

35/95

36.8%

3.49(2.46–4.94)

<0.001 *

 Minimal stimulation protocol

44/186

23.7%

1.83(1.31–2.54)

<0.001 *

 GnRH-a rolonged protocol

12/123

9.8%

0.84(0.48–1.50)

0.689

 Other protocol

5/13

38.5%

3.70(1.53–8.95)

0.004 *

The total Gn doseb

  < 1808.01

373/3181

11.7%

1.00[Reference]

 

  ≥ 1808.01

301/2208

13.6%

1.12(0.96–1.30)

0.161

Fertilization methods

 IVF

579/4543

12.7%

1.00[Reference]

 

 ICSI

98/875

11.2%

0.87(0.70–1.08)

0.205

Cycle type

 Fresh

282/2675

10.5%

1.00[Reference]

 

 Frozen

337/2477

13.6%

1.30(1.11–1.53)

0.001 *

No. of embryos transferred

 1

82/474

17.3%

1.00[Reference]

 

 2

516/4324

11.9%

0.71(0.56–0.90)

0.005 *

 3

84/637

13.2%

0.67(0.49–0.91)

0.010 *

 Ptrend

  

0.81(0.69–0.96)

0.012 *

Cleavage-stage embryo or blastocystd

 Cleavage-stage embryo

466/3860

12.1%

1.00[Reference]

 

 Blastocyst

198/1405

14.1%

1.10(1.01–1.19)

0.030 *

Serum hCG levels 14 days after transferc

  < 695.30

334/2205

15.1%

1.00[Reference]

 

  ≥ 695.30

115/1988

5.8%

0.36(0.29–0.45)

<0.001 *

  1. aAdjusted for maternal age
  2. bThe cutoff value was the mean of total Gn dose in cycle
  3. cThe cutoff value was the mean of serum hCG levels 14 days after transfer
  4. dGnRH antagonist protocol was not utilized in Changzhou, and they only transferred cleavage-stage embryos