Table 1 Animal models using androgen-induced stimulation
Author, year [reference] | Animal | N | Intervention and duration | Studied variables | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention period: Fetal | |||||
Tyndall et al. 2012 [11] | Wistar rat | -- | (Fetal and postnatal) Testosterone propionate 25–90 days | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | ↑T = E2 ↓ FSH ↑ cystic follicles No CL |
Wu et al. 2010 [10] | Sprague–Dawley rat | 45 | (PA) Testosterone + DHT 70 days | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | ↑ T ↑E2 ↑LH = FSH No cysts ↓CL |
Caldwell et al. 2014 [13] | Mouse | -- | PA: DHT Postnatal: DHT/DHEA/Letrozole During 90 days | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | =T = E2 =FSH = LH ↑ cystic follicles ↑ atretic |
Yan et al. 2013 [12] | Sprague Dawley rat | 44 | (PA) DHT 30 days | sexual hormones ovarian morphology | =T = E2 ↑ cystic follicles ↑ atretic follicles |
Abbott et al. 1998 [25] | Rhesus macaque | 21 | Testosterone propionate 15–88 days | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | ↑T ↑LH ↓FSH ↑multiple follicles >1 mm |
Intervention period: Postnatal | |||||
Ota et al. 1983 [17] | Wistar–Imamichi rat | 55-77 | Testosterone propionate Single dose Observed for 200 days | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | ↑T ↓E2 ↑LH ↑FSH ↑ cystic follicles No CL |
Zhai et al. 2012 [15] | Sprague–Dawley rat | 30 | Andronate/ Andronate + HFD 60 days | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | ↑T ↑ cystic follicles =FSH ↑LH |
Misugi et al. 2006 [18] | Wistar rat | 30 | DHEA (not reported) | sexual hormones ovarian morphology | ↑T ↑ cystic follicles ↑atretic follicles |
Van Houten et al. 2012 [14] | C57/bL6 female mouse | -- | DHT 90 dias | sexual hormones | ↑ DHT |
Manneras et al. 2007 [16] | Wistar rat | -- | DHT 75 days | sexual hormones ovarian morphology | =T = E2 ↑ cystic follicles |
Paixão et al. 2016 [28] | Wistar rat | 20 | eCG + DHEA | sexual hormones ovarian morphology | ↑T ↑ cystic follicles |
Ongaro et al. 2015 [26] | Sprague–Dawley rats | 35 | Testosterone propionate Single dose During 30 and 60 days | sexual hormones ovarian morphology | =T = E2 ↑ cystic follicles (60 days-old) |
Marcondes et al. 2015 [27] | Wistar rats | 10 | Testosterone propionate Single dose | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | ↑T ↑LH = FSH ↑ cystic follicles No CL |
Intervention period: Pubertal | |||||
Familiari et al. 1985 [19] | Mouse | -- | DHEA 20 days | sexual hormones ovarian morphology | ↑T ↑ cystic follicles |
Knudsen et al. 1975 [20] | Holtzman rat | 12/16 | DHEA 20 days | sexual hormones, gonadotropin ovarian morphology | =T = E2 =FSH = LH No cysts |
Intervention period: Adult | |||||
Tang et al. 2012 [21] | Female Rhesus macaque | 6 | Testosterone propionate + hCG 60 days | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | ↑T = E2 ↑LH = FSH ↑ cystic follicles |
McGee et al. 2014 [22] | Rhesus macaque | 12 | Testosterone + HFD 72 months | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | ↑T ↓LH amplitude ↑antral follicles |
Billiar et al. 1985 [24] | Rhesus macaque | -- | Androstenedione 10 months | sexual hormones gonadotropin ovarian morphology | ↑T =FSH = LH ↑ atretic follicles No cysts |
Faiman et al. 1988 [23] | Rhesus macaque | 25 | Testosterone 13–16 months | sexual hormones ovarian morphology | =T No cysts No CL =antral follicles |