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Table 2 Characteristics of the participants by quartiles of 25(OH)D

From: Vitamin D is associated with testosterone and hypogonadism in Chinese men: Results from a cross-sectional SPECT-China study

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

 

25(OH)D, nmol/L

≤35.36

35.37-41.32

41.33-48.81

≥48.82

P

N

714

715

712

713

 

Age, yr

50 (14)

51 (13)

53 (13)

59 (13)

<0.01

Hypogonadism, %

28.6

26.0

22.8

22.6

<0.05

Metabolic factors

     

HbA1c, %

5.5 (1.0)

5.4 (0.9)

5.4 (0.9)

5.5 (0.9)

<0.05

Fasting glucose, mmol/L

5.68 (1.51)

5.63 (1.45)

5.68 (1.31)

5.71 (1.34)

<0.05

Fasting insulin, pmol/L

42.2 (48.5)

40.8 (38.0)

37.3 (32.5)

35.3 (45.1)

<0.01

HOMA-IR

1.60 (2.33)

1.53 (1.81)

1.41 (1.50)

1.34 (1.94)

<0.01

Systolic pressure, mmHg

132 (19)

131 (20)

130 (19)

135 (21)

<0.01

BMI, kg/m2

24.3 (3.3)

24.9 (3.5)

24.6 (3.1)

24.2 (3.2)

<0.01

Diabetes, %

14.7

11.5

13.4

12.5

0.31

Sex-related hormones

     

Total T, nmol/L

15.5 (5.7)

15.8 (5.7)

16.2 (5.7)

17.1 (6.1)

<0.01

Free T, pmol/L

50.6 (29.0)

51.1 (33.9)

49.0 (26.4)

44.4 (23.0)

<0.01

E2, pmol/L

99.9 (59.2)

101.5 (59.8)

106.0 (61.3)

121.9 (69.5)

<0.01

SHBG, nmol/L

42.4 (23.4)

41.8 (22.4)

45.2 (23.7)

54.8 (28.7)

<0.01

FSH, IU/L

8.1 (7.5)

8.2 (6.6)

8.6 (6.8)

11.4 (13.0)

<0.01

LH, IU/L

5.0 (3.9)

5.1 (3.5)

5.2 (2.8)

6.6 (5.4)

<0.01

Rural/urban residence, %

51.1/48.9

49.0/51.0

53.5/46.5

73.2/26.8

<0.01

Economic status, {low/high, %}

17.9/82.1

27.6/72.4

30.8/69.2

32.8/67.2

<0.01

Current smoker, %

50.7

50.4

46.2

44.0

<0.05

  1. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; T, testosterone; E2, estradiol; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LH, luteinizing hormone
  2. The data are summarized as the mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables, or as number with proportion for categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for non-normally distributed continuous variables, and the Pearson χ 2 test was used for dichotomous variables