Figure 2
Dose-response effect of estrogenic mycotoxins and 17β-estradiol on VAP, VSL and VCL of stallion sperm. As shown in panel a, VAP was significantly reduced after in vitro exposure to 0.1 mM ZEA (p < 0.0001), α-ZOL ( p < 0.0001), β-ZOL (p < 0.05) and E2 (p < 0.05)¸ compared to controls ("0 μM"). Panel b: VSL was significantly reduced after in vitro exposure to 0.1 mM ZEA (p < 0.05), α-ZOL (p < 0.0001) and E2 (p < 0.05), compared to controls ("0 μM"). Panel c: Estrogenic mycotoxins and E2 did not modify VCL at any concentration examined. Different letters indicate values that differ significantly a vs b = p < 0.05; a vs c = p < 0.0001; n = 5, replicates = 3.