Species | Stressor | Phase of the cycle | HPA axis response | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rats | Surgery | On the morning of proestrus | Positive | [38] |
 | 20-min restraint | On the morning of proestrus vs either estrus or diestrus | Increased | [39] |
 |  | Proestrus, estrus and diestrus II | No cycle effect | [40] |
Rhesus monkeys | 30-min intracerebroventricular administration of interleukin-1α | Mid-follicular vs early-follicular phase | Increased | [41] |
Women | Bilateral ovariectomy plus total hysterectomy | Mid- to late-follicular phase | Positive | [43] |
 |  | Early- to mid-luteal phase | No response | |
 | Cholecystectomy | Early- to mid-follicular phase | Positive | [42] |
 | 20-min progressive submaximal treadmill exercise | Mid-luteal phase vs early follicular phase | Increased | [44] |
 | 90-min submaximal bicycle exercise | Mid-luteal phase vs mid-follicular phase | Increased | [46] |
 | 90-min submaximal treadmill exercise | Mid-luteal phase vs early- and late-follicular phase | Increased | [47] |
 | 60-min progressive submaximal treadmill exercise | Mid-follicular and luteal phase | No cycle effect | [49] |
 | Progressive maximal treadmill exercise to voluntary exhaustion or 40-min submaximal treadmill exercise | Early-follicular vs mid-luteal phase | No cycle effect | [50] |
 | 20-min progressive submaximal aerobic treadmill | Early-mid-follicular, periovulatory and mid-late luteal phase | No cycle effect | [51] |
 | Psychological stress of remembering stressful situations in their lives and self-evaluation | Menstrual and periovulatory (late-follicular, ovulatory and early-luteal phases) phase | No cycle effect | [52] |
 | Psychological stress of self-evaluation | Ovulatory period vs premenstrual phase | Decreased | [48] |