From: Potential factors affecting semen quality in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)
Semen parameters | Rainy | Winter | Summer | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Moderate-motile (33 ejaculates) | Low-motile (17 ejaculates) | Moderate-motile (46 ejaculates) | Low-motile (24 ejaculates) | Moderate-motile (31 ejaculates) | Low-motile (24 ejaculates) |
Progressive motility (%) | 39.05 ± 4.27a | 6.7 ± 3.08b | 37.14 ± 4.16a | 5.83 ± 2.65b | 37.84 ± 4.65a | 0.00 ± 0.00 b |
Concentration (x106/ml) | 1940 ± 183.82 | 1870 ± 385.45 | 1080 ± 99.66 | 1280 ± 301.44 | 1210 ± 145.06 | 1090 ± 166.08 |
Volume (ml) | 28.95 ± 4.35 | 17.40 ± 4.56 | 25.95 ± 3.63 | 21.11 ± 4.15 | 23.84 ± 2.76a | 10.27 ± 1.64b |
Seminal pH | 7.59 ± 0.14 | 8.25 ± 0.17 | 7.95 ± 0.25 | 8.33 ± 0.21 | 7.85 ± 0.18 | 8.50 ± 0.16 |
Viable sperm (%) | 48.68 ± 4.51 | 47.17 ± 31.16 | 40.66 ± 4.48a | 26.59 ± 6.56b | 36.84 ± 3.94a | 6.36 ± 2.30b |
Normal morphology (%) | 79.60 ± 8.20a | 55.00 ± 10.10b | 88.50 ± 1.60a | 79.50 ± 2.50b | 88.70 ± 1.70 | 86.50 ± 3.00 |
SrT3 (ng/dl) | 191.81 ± 12.49a | 137.87 ± 10.16b | 197.53 ± 11.48a | 148.39 ± 13.83b | 179.46 ± 12.92 | 154.49 ± 16.22 |
SrT4 (μg/dl) | 10.87 ± 0.44 | 10.88 ± 0.33 | 10.03 ± 0.32 | 10.50 ± 0.55 | 10.50 ± 0.36 | 10.95 ± 0.52 |
SrTest (ng/ml) | 14.05 ± 5.19 | 6.97 ± 1.47 | 18.41 ± 4.39 | 8.91 ± 2.09 | 2.57 ± 0.68 | 1.03 ± 0.30 |
SpTest (ng/ml) | 47.35 ± 5.04 | 54.38 ± 10.67 | 51.15 ± 6.41 | 65.07 ± 18.00 | 46.93 ± 4.65 | 44.68 ± 6.09 |
SpTP (g/dl) | 0.62 ± 0.08 | 0.77 ± 0.32 | 0.64 ± 0.05a | 0.49 ± 0.11b | 0.57 ± 0.05a | 0.28 ± 0.06b |
SpZn (μg/dl) | 51.47 ± 4.64 | 49.82 ± 5.93 | 56.29 ± 3.50a | 46.33 ± 5.78b | 60.69 ± 3.58a | 50.37 ± 9.18b |