Table 2 Seasonal variations of semen characteristics and hormonal profiles in serum and seminal plasma, SpTP and SpZn collected from 13 elephant bulls during rainy (July to October 2004), winter (November 2004 to February 2005) and summer (March to June 2005).

25.70 ± 3.40

23.20 ± 3.10

26.50 ± 3.10

1.86 ± 0.14^a

1.29 ± 0.12^b

1.26 ± 0.12^b

23.90 ± 2.50

23.20 ± 3.10

19.30 ± 2.30

7.80 ± 0.14

7.80 ± 0.25

7.90 ± 0.13

46.50 ± 3.60 ^a

33.70 ± 3.10 ^a

27.10 ± 3.50^b

64.94 ± 2.84^a

84.53 ± 2.75^b

86.82 ± 2.52 ^b

170.20 ± 9.62

182.90 ± 8.42

176.70 ± 8.70

10.60 ± 0.29

9.89 ± 0.26

10.47 ± 0.27

20.20 ± 5.69 ^a

23.70 ± 5.25 ^a

6.10 ± 5.19^b

47.50 ± 7.60

54.40 ± 4.80

45.30 ± 5.00

0.71 ± 0.07

0.58 ± 0.04

0.57 ± 0.05

52.30 ± 4.80

55.90 ± 3.10

61.10 ± 3.50