Table 1 Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke that Impair Oviductal Functioning 1
From: Smoking and reproduction: The oviduct as a target of cigarette smoke
LOAELs (M)2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHEMICALS | Oocyte | Ciliary Beat | Contraction | FEMA | FDA | ADDED5 |
| Â | Pick-up Rate | Frequency | Rate | GRAS3 | EAFUS4 | Â |
PYRIDINES | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
2-ethylpyridine | 9.35 × 10-12 | 9.35 × 10-12 | 9.35 × 10-12 |  |  |  |
4-methylpyridine | 9.50 × 10-11 | 9.50 × 10-11 | 9.50 × 10-11 |  |  |  |
2-methylpyridine | 9.35 × 10-11 | 9.35 × 10-11 | 9.35 × 10-10 |  |  |  |
4-ethenylpyridine | 9.30 × 10-11 | 9.30 × 10-9 | 9.30 × 10-11 |  |  |  |
3-ethylpyridine | 9.33 × 10-10 | 9.33 × 10-11 | 9.33 × 10-10 | √ | √ | √ |
Nornicotine | 6.85 × 10-9 | 6.85 × 10-8 | 6.85 × 10-8 |  |  |  |
beta-nicotyrine | 6.33 × 10-9 | 6.30 × 10-8 | X6 |  |  |  |
2,4,6-trimethylpyridine | 8.25 × 10-8 | 8.25 × 10-6 | 8.25 × 10-8 |  |  |  |
2,4-dimethylpyridine | 9.34 × 10-7 | X6 | 9.34 × 10-9 |  |  |  |
2,3-dimethylpyridine | 9.34 × 10-7 | 9.34 × 10-7 | X6 |  |  |  |
4,4-bipyridine | 8.78 × 10-6 | 8.78 × 10-7 | 8.78 × 10-4 |  |  |  |
2,5-dimethylpyridine | 9.34 × 10-5 | X6 | 9.34 × 10-5 |  |  |  |
3,4-dimethylpyridine | 1.76 × 10-5 | X6 | 1.76 × 10-4 |  |  |  |
pyridine | 1.27 × 10-5 | 1.27 × 10-3 | 1.27 × 10-3 | √ | √ | √ |
3-methylpyridine | 1.23 × 10-5 | Xd | 1.23 × 10-2 |  |  |  |
2,2-bipyridine | 8.74 × 10-4 | 8.74 × 10-2 | 8.74 × 10-2 |  |  |  |
cotinine | 2.84 × 10-2 | 2.84 × 10-5 | X6 |  |  |  |
nicotine | 9.01 × 10-2 | X6 | 6.70 × 10-2 |  |  |  |
PYRAZINES | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine | 10-12 | 10-9 | 10-12 | Â | Â | Â |
pyrazine | 10-11 | 10-12 | 10-9 | √ | √ |  |
2-methylpyrazine | 10-11 | 10-12 | 10-11 | √ | √ | √ |
2-ethylpyrazine | 10-11 | 10-12 | 10-12 |  | √ |  |
2,5-dimethylpyrazine | 10-11 | 10-8 | 10-9 | √ | √ | √ |
2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine | 10-10 | 10-9 | 10-9 | √ | √ | √ |
2,6-dimethylpyrazine | 10-9 | 10-6 | 10-7 | √ | √ | √ |
PHENOLS, INDOLES, OTHERS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Indole | 10-14 | 10-13 | 10-15 |  | √ |  |
Isoquinoline | 10-13 | 10-12 | 10-13 |  | √ |  |
4-Ethylphenol | 10-12 | 10-11 | 10-12 | √ | √ |  |
Quinoline | 10-11 | 10-13 | 10-11 |  | √ |  |
4-Methylphenol | 10-11 | 10-12 | 10-11 | √ | √ |  |
2-Methylphenol | 10-11 | 10-9 | 10-11 | √ | √ |  |
5-Methylindole | 10-11 | 10-10 | 10-10 | Â | Â | Â |
2,6-Dimethoxyphenol | 10-11 | 10-10 | 10-9 |  | √ |  |
Hydroquinone | 10-10 | 10-10 | 10-10 | Â | Â | Â |
3-Methyl-2-cylcopenten-1-one | 10-10 | 10-7 | 10-10 | Â | Â | Â |
2,4-Dimethylphenol | 10-10 | 10-9 | 10-9 | Â | Â | Â |
2-Methoxyphenol | 10-10 | 10-8 | 10-8 | Â | Â | Â |
2-Cyclopenten-1-one | 10-9 | 10-7 | 10-9 | Â | Â | Â |
4-Methoxyphenol | 10-8 | 10-7 | 10-7 | Â | Â | Â |
2-Ethylphenol | 10-8 | 10-5 | 10-7 | Â | Â | Â |
2,5-Dimethylphenol | 10-7 | 10-8 | 10-6 | Â | Â | Â |
Benzene | 10-7 | 10-8 | 10-6 | Â | Â | Â |
Phenol | 10-2 | 10-1 | 10-2 |  | √ |  |