Endogenous Ligands | Source | Specificity for PPAR isotype | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Polyunsaturated fatty acids* | Diet Metabolism | PPARα>PPARδ>>PPARγ | [25]; reviewed in [5] |
Eicosanoids* | Inflammation | PPARα, PPARδ, PPARγ | [25] |
8-HETE | Metabolism | PPARα | |
PGJ2 | PPARγ>>>PPARα>PPARδ | [17] [26] | |
PGA1 | PPARδ>>PPARα,PPARγ | [17] [25] | |
PGI2 | PPARδ | reviewed in [16] | |
Leukotriene B4 | PPARα | [23] [25] | |
Lysophosphatidic acid* | Metabolism | PPARγ | [18] |
Oxidized LDL | Metabolism | PPARγ | reviewed in [29] |
Exogenous Ligands | Source | Specificity for PPAR isotype | Reference |
Herbicides/fungicides | Environment | PPARγ | [19]; reported in [1] |
Plasticizers* | Environment Industry | [137]; reviewed in [15] | |
NSAIDS | Pharmaceutical | PPARγ>PPARα>>PPARδ | [20] [28] |
Fibrates* | Pharmaceutical | PPARα>>>PPARγ | [25] |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | Environment | PPARα, PPARδ | [21] |
Herbal/plant compounds | Traditional medicine | PPARα, PPARγ>PPARδ | reviewed in [14] |
Genistein* | Plants | PPARγ | [138] |
Thiazolidinediones* | Pharmaceutical | PPARγ | [23] [55] |