Table 3 BPA effects on the uterus in animal experiments

Mendoza-Rodriguez et al. [48]

Female rat offspring

1.2 mg/kg BW/day

BPA diluted in drinking water

GD 6- D 21 of lactation

BPA offspring: irregular estrous cycles; significant increase in the thickness of uterine epithelium and stroma; modifications in apoptotic patterns of uterine epithelium and ERα downregulation

Newbold et al. [49]

Mice

0.1 (BPA 0.1), 1 (BPA 1), 10 (BPA10), 100 (BPA 100), 1000 (BPA 1000) μg/kg/day

Subcutaneous injections

GD 9-16

Adenomatous hyperplasia in BPA1 and BPA100 not in controls; atypical hyperplasia in BPA 0.1, BPA 1, BPA 1000 not in controls; endometrial polyps in BPA 0.1, BPA 1, BPA 10; stromal sarcoma in one BPA 100 mouse

Varayoud et al. [53]

Female rats

0.05 (BPA 0.5), 20 (BPA 20) mg/kg day

Subcutaneous injections

PND 1,3,5,7

Pregnancies were not established in 10% of BPA 0.5 and in 23% of BPA 20, whereas in the controls the pregnancy rate was 100%; decreased number of implantation sites in BPA20; lower ERα and PR expression; lower expression of Hoxa10

Bromer et al. [54]

Female mouse offspring

5 mg/kg

Intraperitoneal injections

GD 9-16

Hoxa10 increased expression; decreased DNA methylation in the promoter and in intron regions of Hoxa10 with consequent increase in binding of ER-α to Hoxa10 ERE

Xiao et al. [55]

Pregnant mice

0, 0.025, 0.5, 10, 40, 100 mg/kg/day

Subcutaneous injections

GD 0.5-3.5

No implantation sites in BPA 100 treated group; smaller implantation sites, increased gestation period, reduced postnatal survival rate in 40 BPA treated group; alterations in PR expression.