Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances cumulus cell expansion in bovine oocytes

Table 3 Fertilization and embryo development rates from bovine oocytes in vitro matured in TCM, SOF or SOF supplemented with 100 ng/ml of GM-CSF

Treatment	Oocytes (n)	Cleavage (%)	Blastocysts day 7 (%)	Blastocysts/ cleavage day 9 (%)	Blastocyst/ oocytes day 9 (%)	Embryonic nuclei (n)
TCM	216	146 (67.6)^a	55 (37.7)^a	60 (41.1)^a	27.8^a	108.2 ± 7.7
SOF	212	122 (57.5)^b	35 (28.7)^b	38 (31.1)^b	17.9^b	98 ± 12.6
SOF + GM-CSF (100 ng/ml)	224	113 (50.4)^b	36 (31.9)^b	39 (34.5)^b	17.4^b	96 ± 13.1

^a,b Different superscripts within columns indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). (There were 4 replicates for this experiment).

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