Amenorrhea
|
Yes
|
Yes [36, 59]
|
No [60]
|
Galactorrhea
|
Yes
|
Yes
b
|
No [60]
|
LH/FSH ratio
|
Increased
|
Increased
c
|
?
|
Frequency of LH pulses
|
Increased
|
Increased
c
|
Decreased frequency and dysrhythmic pulses [60]
|
T levels
|
Elevated
|
Elevated[61]
|
Elevated [62]
|
E2 levels
|
Within the (broad) normal ranges
|
Within the (broad) normal ranges[63]
|
Decreased levels in the follicular phased
|
P levels
|
Within or slightly higher than the follicular phase range
|
Within either the follicular phase range or the lutheal phase range
e
|
Normal P levels on the first day after menstruation [62] and higher P levels in the luteal phase [64]
|
GH levels
|
Decreased nocturnal peaks and normal diurnal episodic secretion
|
Low, normal or elevated levels with impaired diurnal secretion [65]
|
Decreased nocturnal secretion [66]
|
PRL levels
|
Normal (putative occult hyperprolactinemia), slightly elevated or distinctly elevated
|
Hyperprolactilemia (10-15% of PCOS women) [36]
|
Normal [62]
|
DHEAS levels
|
Minimally elevated
|
Elevated (20-33% of PCOS women [67])
|
Normal [68]
|
Cortisol levels
|
Normal
|
Normal [67]
|
Disturbed diurnal rhythms, higher evening levels and accentuated post-awakening surge [69]
|
Response of ACTH to dexamethasone
|
Escape from suppression
|
?
|
Some individuals escape from suppression [42]
|
Response of cortisol to dexamethasone
|
Suppression
|
Suppression [70]
|
Some individuals escape from suppression [42]f
|
Response of LH and FSH to GnRH
|
Normal increase
|
Higher increase in LH and normal increase in FSH [71]
|
Normal increase[62]
|
Response of GH to TRH
|
Paradoxical increase
|
Paradoxical increase (≈42% of PCOS women [46])
|
Paradoxical increase [43]
|
Response of TSH to TRH
|
Normal or small increase
|
?
|
Small increase [43, 44]
|
Response of GH to dopamine agonists
|
Deficient or reduced increase
|
Deficient or reduced increase [72, 73]g
|
Normal [74]or reduced increase[75–77]
|
Response of LH and/or PRL to opioid receptor antagonists
|
No increase in LH and PRL
|
Small increase in LH and no increase in PRL [78, 79]
|
Increase in LH [80]h
|