Profiles of cytokines secreted by isolated human endometrial cells under the influence of chorionic gonadotropin during the window of embryo implantation

Srivastava, Akhilesh; Sengupta, Jayasree; Kriplani, Alka; Roy, Kallol K; Ghosh, Debabrata

doi:10.1186/1477-7827-11-116

Table 4 A summary of the results from the present study and previous reports for common endometrial secretions observed to be affected by hCG

From: Profiles of cytokines secreted by isolated human endometrial cells under the influence of chorionic gonadotropin during the window of embryo implantation

Name	Observation in the present study; affected cell culture type	Observation in the previous studies; experimental model [Reference]	Putative function in implantation process [Reference]
CCL2	Increase: epithelial HEnC	No change; mixed endometrial cells¹[45]	Regulation of angiogenic and immunotolerant environment [57, 58]
CXCL10	Increase; mixed HEnC	Increase; HEEC¹[14]	Regulation of NK cell recruitment and angiogenesis [59, 60]
FGF2	Increase; stromal HEnC and mixed HEnC	Increase; HEEC¹[14]	Regulates endometrial stromal cell proliferation and receptivity and embryo growth, attachment and trophoblast function [61, 62]
GMCSF	Increase; stromal HEnC and mixed HEnC	Increase; HEEC¹[14]	Regulates endometrial stromal cells, leukocytes and capillaries along with embryotropic action [34, 53, 63]
IL-1b	Increase; stromal HEnC and mixed HEnC	Increase; intrauterine secretion²[39]	Mediates endometrial preparation for implantation [36, 58]
		No change; mixed endometrial cells¹[45]
		Increase; endometrial secretion aspiration³[64]
IL-6	Increase; epithelial HEnC Decrease; stromal HEnC and mixed HEnC	Increase; intrauterine secretion²[39]	Regulates hCG secretion by trophoblast cells and endometrial development [36, 65, 66]
		Increase; mixed endometrial cells¹[67]
		Decrease; HEEC¹[7]
		No change; HEEC¹[14]
IL-12	Decrease (p40); epithelial HEnC	Endometrial secretion aspiration³[64]	Regulates NK cell function and mediates cell mediated immunity [68]
IL-12	Increase (p70); mixed HEnC	Endometrial secretion aspiration³[64]
IL-17	Increase; stromal HEnC	Increase; endometrial secretion aspiration³[64]	Potentially regulates chemokines and cytokines networks [69]
LIF	Increase; epithelial HEnC and mixed HEnC	No change; mixed endometrial cells¹[67]	Supports endometrial receptivity and embryo development [36]
		Increase; intrauterine secretion²[39]
		Increase; HEEC¹[7, 14]
MCSF	Decrease; epithelial HEnC and mixed HEnC	Decrease; intrauterine secretion²[39]	Paracrine regulation of stromal decidualization under progesterone dominance [70, 71]
MIF	Increase; epithelial HEnC and mixed HEnC	Increase; endomerial stromal cells¹[9]	Paracrine regulation of immunomodulation, angiogenesis and growth [47, 72]
MIF	Decrease; stromal HEnC	Increase; endomerial stromal cells¹[9]
TNF	Increase; mixed HEnC	Increase; mixed endometrial cells¹[64]	Regulates balance of cytokine, chemokines and growth factors towards endometrial and embryo development [73, 74]
TNF	Increase; mixed HEnC	Increase; endometrial secretion aspiration³[39]
VEGF	Increase; stromal HEnC and mixed HEnC	Increase; intrauterine secretion²[39]	Regulates endometrial angiogenesis, permeability receptivity and embryo development [36, 75, 76]
		Increase; HEEC¹[7, 14, 77]
		Increase; mixed endometrial cells¹[78]
		Increase; epithelial HEnC [25]

HEnC, endometrial cells in primary culture on collagen biomatrix. HEEC, isolated human endometrial epithelial cells. HEExC, human endometrial explant culture.
¹Conventional primary culture.
²Intrauterine microdialysis. ³endometrial secretion aspired on the day of embryo transfer in stimulated cycle in IVF-ET and compared with that in natural cycle.

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ISSN: 1477-7827

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