Non-invasive assessment of the reproductive cycle in free-ranging female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine for inducing anoestrus

Table 1 Mean faecal progesterone metabolite concentrations ± SD of female African elephants

ID	Age (years)	Herd^a	Treatment^b	Number of faecal samples collected	Mean FPM^cconcentrations (μg/g DW)
ID	Age (years)	Herd^a	Treatment^b	Number of faecal samples collected	Baseline^d	Luteal phase^d	Inter-luteal phase^d
1 ^e	30+	LE	T	64	1.96 ± 0.86	4.83 ± 3.44	1.27 ± 0.34
9 ^e	30+	LE	T	56	3.03 ± 1.16	6.32 ± 3.55	2.09 ± 0.64
2 ^e	25	LE	T	64	3.13 ± 1.39	6.18 ± 3.35	2.03 ± 0.76
8 ^e	20	LE	T	50	2.63 ± 1.23	5.47 ± 2.76	1.64 ± 0.42
3	18	LE	T	59	3.10 ± 1.30	6.13 ± 3.50	1.93 ± 0.69
5	15	LE	T	59	1.81 ± 0.75	4.28 ± 2.04	1.30 ± 0.35
4	12	LE	C	59	2.34 ± 1.30	5.84 ± 3.57	1.33 ± 0.54
7	10	LE	C	63	1.53 ± 0.55	3.80 ± 2.73	1.10 ± 0.27
11	30+	UE	T	25	2.90 ± 1.25	11.12 ± 15.94	1.96 ± 0.58
12	30+	UE	T	27	2.39 ± 1.13	11.33 ± 17.75	1.70 ± 0.43
13	15	UE	C	20	3.36 ± 1.25	5.89 ± 2.56	2.54 ± 0.75
14	15	UE	C	20	2.82 ± 1.25	8.28 ± 6.37	1.83 ± 0.59

ISSN: 1477-7827