Table 1 Regulatory elements in sex determination/dosage compensation
From: Sex determination strategies in 2012: towards a common regulatory model?
Species | Worms | Insects | Reptiles | Amphibians | Fish | Birds | Mammals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epigenetic phenomena | unknown | alternative splicing | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | X inactivation |
Primary sex determination | cellular | all tissues | gonad | gonad | gonad | all tissues | gonad |
Role of sex steroids | unclear | unclear | sex det. | sex diff. | sex diff. | sex diff. | sex diff. |
Role of Temperature | unclear | TSD (rare) | TSD | TSD | TSD | none | none |
Sex chromosomes | X, W | X(Y) ZZ/ZW | ZZ/ZW XX/XY | ZZ/ZW (Xenopus) | XX/XY ZZ/ZW | ZZ/ZW | XX/XY |
Sex determining gene(s) | her-1, fem, tra | SXL | no | DM-W | DMY | DMRT1 | SRY |