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Table 4 Lifestyle factors (BMI, age, caffeine consumption, sexual behavior, smoking and stress linked to analyzed semen parameters

From: The combination matters - distinct impact of lifestyle factors on sperm quality: a study on semen analysis of 1683 patients according to MSOME criteria

 

Number of patients

Ejaculation volume (ml/semen sample)

Sperm concen-tration Mio/ml

TSC Mio/ sample

Motility

MSOME

      

Grade a

Grade b

Grade c

Grade d

Class I

Class II

Class III

BMI (kg/m 2 )

<25

692

2.8 (1.4)

24.3 (31.2)

63.2 (94.7)

5.1 (7.9)

32.8 (17.6)

18.6 (14.3)

43.5 a (20.6)

6.4 (6.6)

43.3 (14.2)

50.3 (17.8)

 

>25

986

2.6 (1.5)

22.5 (26.3)

55.2 (90.8)

4.7 (7.9)

31.4 (17.8)

17.7 (13.9)

46.2 (20.7)

5.8 (6.1)

43.2 (14.6)

51 (17.9)

Age (years)

<50

1598

2.7 (1.5) c

23.5 (29.6)

59.8 (94.7) b

5.0 (7.9) b

32.2 (17.7) b

18,2 (14.1)

44.6 c (20.6)

6.1 (6.4)

43.2 (14.5)

50.7 (17.9)

 

>50

85

2.0 (1.2)

22.1 (19.3)

41.7 (43.5)

2.9 (6.9)

26.7 (16.5)

17.7 (12.3)

52.7 (20.4)

5.4 (5.1)

44.8 (12.5)

49.8 (15.7)

Coffee cups/day

<3

1479

2.7 (1.5)

23.1 (28.9)

58 (91.2)

4.9 (7.9)

32.1 (17.8)

17.9 (14.1)

45.1 (20.6)

6.2 (6.4)

43 (14.3)

50.8 (17.8)

 

>3

204

2.6 (1.5)

25.8 (31.5)

65.1 (104.1)

4.3 (8.1)

30.9 (16.7)

18.2 (12.9)

46.6 (21.4)

5.5 (5.6)

45.3 (15.2)

49.2 (18.0)

Abstinence period (days)

<2

649

2.2 b (1.2)

23.2 (33.2)

48.7 c (111.9)

4.8 (7.9)

31.4 (18.4)

18.8 (14.9)

45.0 (20.8)

6.4 (6.5)

42.8 (14.5)

50.8 (18.3)

 

>2

1033

3 (1.5)

23.7 (26.4)

65.3 (78.1)

4.9 (7.9)

32.3 (17.3)

17.4 (13.4)

45.4 (20.6)

5.8 (6.2)

43.5 (14.3)

50.7 (17.5)

Ejaculation frequency times/month

>4

1519

2.7 (1.4)

23.4 (29.8)

58.4 (95.3)

4.9 (8.0)

32.2 (17.6)

18 (14)

44.9 (20.4)

6.2 (6.4) a

43.3 (14.5)

50.5 (18.0)

 

<4

140

2.9 (1.6)

23.5 (23.5)

63.5 (66.9)

4.7 (7.0)

30.3 (18.5)

17.8 (14.8)

47.2 (22.9)

5.1 (5.5)

43.1 (13.2)

51.8 (15.9)

Alcohol intake

No

282

2.8 (1.4)

21.3

57.4

5.0

32.7

16.0

46.3

5.7

43.0

51.3

 

occasionally

1127

2.7 (1.4)

23.5

59.3

4.7

32.0

18.4

44.9

6.1

43.1

50.8

 

frequent

164

2.7

26.7

61.9

5.0

32.3

18.2

44.5

6.3

45.0

48.7

Smoking

No/ occasionally

1380

2.7

23.5

59.8

4.8

31.9

17.9

45.4

6.1

42.9 b

51.0 a

 

frequent

199

2.5

22.5

54.7

5.1

33.7

16.8

44.4

6.1

45.7

48.2

Stress

No

1163

2.7

23.0

58.0

4.6 a

31.4 b

18.1 b

45.9

5.9 a

42.6 b

51.5 b

 

Yes

431

2.7

24.4

62.5

5.5

34.1

17.2

43.2

6.6

45.0

48.4

  1. BMI: body mass index; TSC: total sperm count; standard deviation is given in brackets, a P value <0.05; b P value < 0.005; c P value < 0.001.