| Number of patients | Ejaculation volume (ml/semen sample) | Sperm concen-tration Mio/ml | TSC Mio/ sample | Motility | MSOME | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  |  | Grade a | Grade b | Grade c | Grade d | Class I | Class II | Class III |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) | <25 | 692 | 2.8 (1.4) | 24.3 (31.2) | 63.2 (94.7) | 5.1 (7.9) | 32.8 (17.6) | 18.6 (14.3) | 43.5 a (20.6) | 6.4 (6.6) | 43.3 (14.2) | 50.3 (17.8) |
 | >25 | 986 | 2.6 (1.5) | 22.5 (26.3) | 55.2 (90.8) | 4.7 (7.9) | 31.4 (17.8) | 17.7 (13.9) | 46.2 (20.7) | 5.8 (6.1) | 43.2 (14.6) | 51 (17.9) |
Age (years) | <50 | 1598 | 2.7 (1.5) c | 23.5 (29.6) | 59.8 (94.7) b | 5.0 (7.9) b | 32.2 (17.7) b | 18,2 (14.1) | 44.6 c (20.6) | 6.1 (6.4) | 43.2 (14.5) | 50.7 (17.9) |
 | >50 | 85 | 2.0 (1.2) | 22.1 (19.3) | 41.7 (43.5) | 2.9 (6.9) | 26.7 (16.5) | 17.7 (12.3) | 52.7 (20.4) | 5.4 (5.1) | 44.8 (12.5) | 49.8 (15.7) |
Coffee cups/day | <3 | 1479 | 2.7 (1.5) | 23.1 (28.9) | 58 (91.2) | 4.9 (7.9) | 32.1 (17.8) | 17.9 (14.1) | 45.1 (20.6) | 6.2 (6.4) | 43 (14.3) | 50.8 (17.8) |
 | >3 | 204 | 2.6 (1.5) | 25.8 (31.5) | 65.1 (104.1) | 4.3 (8.1) | 30.9 (16.7) | 18.2 (12.9) | 46.6 (21.4) | 5.5 (5.6) | 45.3 (15.2) | 49.2 (18.0) |
Abstinence period (days) | <2 | 649 | 2.2 b (1.2) | 23.2 (33.2) | 48.7 c (111.9) | 4.8 (7.9) | 31.4 (18.4) | 18.8 (14.9) | 45.0 (20.8) | 6.4 (6.5) | 42.8 (14.5) | 50.8 (18.3) |
 | >2 | 1033 | 3 (1.5) | 23.7 (26.4) | 65.3 (78.1) | 4.9 (7.9) | 32.3 (17.3) | 17.4 (13.4) | 45.4 (20.6) | 5.8 (6.2) | 43.5 (14.3) | 50.7 (17.5) |
Ejaculation frequency times/month | >4 | 1519 | 2.7 (1.4) | 23.4 (29.8) | 58.4 (95.3) | 4.9 (8.0) | 32.2 (17.6) | 18 (14) | 44.9 (20.4) | 6.2 (6.4) a | 43.3 (14.5) | 50.5 (18.0) |
 | <4 | 140 | 2.9 (1.6) | 23.5 (23.5) | 63.5 (66.9) | 4.7 (7.0) | 30.3 (18.5) | 17.8 (14.8) | 47.2 (22.9) | 5.1 (5.5) | 43.1 (13.2) | 51.8 (15.9) |
Alcohol intake | No | 282 | 2.8 (1.4) | 21.3 | 57.4 | 5.0 | 32.7 | 16.0 | 46.3 | 5.7 | 43.0 | 51.3 |
 | occasionally | 1127 | 2.7 (1.4) | 23.5 | 59.3 | 4.7 | 32.0 | 18.4 | 44.9 | 6.1 | 43.1 | 50.8 |
 | frequent | 164 | 2.7 | 26.7 | 61.9 | 5.0 | 32.3 | 18.2 | 44.5 | 6.3 | 45.0 | 48.7 |
Smoking | No/ occasionally | 1380 | 2.7 | 23.5 | 59.8 | 4.8 | 31.9 | 17.9 | 45.4 | 6.1 | 42.9 b | 51.0 a |
 | frequent | 199 | 2.5 | 22.5 | 54.7 | 5.1 | 33.7 | 16.8 | 44.4 | 6.1 | 45.7 | 48.2 |
Stress | No | 1163 | 2.7 | 23.0 | 58.0 | 4.6 a | 31.4 b | 18.1 b | 45.9 | 5.9 a | 42.6 b | 51.5 b |
 | Yes | 431 | 2.7 | 24.4 | 62.5 | 5.5 | 34.1 | 17.2 | 43.2 | 6.6 | 45.0 | 48.4 |