Figure 5

The effect of GnRH (0.1 μM) and GnRH antagonist (Antide, 10 μM) on Smad3 activation in HES and ESC. Serum-starved cells were treated with Antide for 2 hrs prior to treatment with GnRH for 15 min. The cells lysates were prepared from treated and untreated control (-) and analyzed by immunoblotting for pSmad2/3 and β-actin as loading control, shown from a representative experiment. Bar graph shows the mean ± SEM of fold change in the rate of Smad3 activation from three independent experiments with denotes b, c, d, b', c' and d'are significantly different from a and a,' respectively (p < 0.05).